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C3: Structures
3.1 Introduction to Plane Trusses
- Theory - Two-force members
3.2 Method of Joints
- Theory - Example - Question 1 - Question 2 - Question 3
3.3 Method of Sections
- Theory - Example - Question 1 - Question 2 - Question 3
3.4 Frames and Machines
- Theory - Example - Question 1 - Question 2

C3.4 Frames and Machines

Frames are structures that consist of several members connected via pins. They are very similar to trusses, except that some members are multi-force members. Basically it’s a fancy way of saying they are not two-force members (trusses are), because of additional forces acting on it. Here’s an example:

Multi-force member; two-force member assumption does not apply

C3.4 Frames and Machines

Frames are structures that consist of several members connected via pins. They are very similar to trusses, except that some members are multi-force members. Basically it’s a fancy way of saying they are not two-force members (trusses are), because of additional forces acting on it. Here’s an example:

Multi-force member; two-force member assumption does not apply

Machines are basically devices used to transmit forces. A good example is the plier. Notice that the plier consists of two members connected by a pin in the centre:

Example of frames and machines

In this section, we seek to analyse the forces acting in frames and machines. The main strategy of tackling problems in this section is to:

  1. Separate the frame/machine into its individual members.
  2. Apply the x- and y- action-reaction pairs at the pin joints, and solve for the equations of equilibrium.

A quick example of these steps performed on a plier is shown below:

Example showing analysis of a plier by separating it into its individual members, and then applying the x- and y- action-reaction pairs

Let’s look at an example now.

Machines are basically devices used to transmit forces. A good example is the plier. Notice that the plier consists of two members connected by a pin in the centre:

Example of frames and machines

In this section, we seek to analyse the forces acting in frames and machines. The main strategy of tackling problems in this section is to:

  1. Separate the frame/machine into its individual members.
  2. Apply the x- and y- action-reaction pairs at the pin joints, and solve for the equations of equilibrium.

A quick example of these steps performed on a plier is shown below:

Example showing analysis of a plier by separating it into its individual members, and then applying the x- and y- action-reaction pairs

Let’s look at an example now.

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